This means we can read this as "post-vocalic [x] becomes [h] in initial syllables only.". Variable definitions should come first, one per line; then sound changes, one per line. I find myself running the program multiple times, tweaking the rules The study of when sound changes occur in a particular place and in what order the changes happen. can use alternate fields to indicate the conlang (i.e., the \lx heads are in the natlang, \ge is the English gloss, and \gn, nominally the "national language" gloss, could be used for the . How do you handle things like stress, syllable structure, and multiple exceptions/conditions? Sounds: The Sound Change Applier - Zompist.com This can be very useful to see what the effect of a changed rule is. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. About SCA Geoff's Sound Change Applier, SCA hereafter, is a program which applies rule-based transformations to strings of Unicode text. The environment (the z part) can contain variables, like V above. Thanks for reading! I might E.g. Or you can output HTML or ZBB BBCode. GitHub - alray2569/SoundChange: A sound change applier, for historical So the variable definition and rule If you write two novels in the same setting in different periods of time using the same conlang, it's quite likely some sound changes will have happened, so you'll want to implement them. ph/f/_. Press the Help button for full documentation. Rules apply in the order they're listed. orthographic Portuguese, simply to make for an easy example. x/y/z By what means might the roots "let" and "ly" mean the same thing in a naturalistic conlang? But which one do most people use? E.g. When logging sound changes, a standardized notation is used, which looks something like this: In this formula, the underscore indicates where our phoneme in question would be, and it can be read as "when [x] follows [z], it becomes [y]". This feature was very common in Old French and Ancient Greek, leading some the diphthongs of these languages to be monophthongized. The second is suitable for use in a dictionary with the etymology in brackets. It uses Python, which you'll need to install to be able to use it; most Linices should have it already installed. TypeIt is a free web-based keyboard which enable the full International Phonetic Alphabet, IPA, and some extensions to it, to be simply copy-pasted. Add a description, image, and links to the conlang topic page so that developers can more easily learn about it. The z part must always contain @AntonSherwood I don't think the intermediate steps have ever been reconstructed, but as far as I'm aware, *d became r (which isn't unusual), the labiovelar glide *w turned into velar k, and e was an epenthetic vowel inserted for phonotactic reasons. You may have noticed that applying sound changes to words is quite a tedious process. Did you accidentally erase all your work? conlang.tools is a cohesive conlanging toolset with a focus on naturalistic language creation and evolution. This is the change from /z/ to a trilled /r/, which has occurred in various European languages. The original and most famous sound change applier is the SCA by Zompist. Hit the Help button for more. So, with the word opera and the rules. It suggests further reading for those who want to know more and shortcuts for those who want to know less. insufficient vowel reduction) another 35% of the time. 131. Variables can only be one character long. Some common changes that can form part of your repertoire (with some sample sounds rules): I pay particular attention to the havoc the sound changes are likely to wreak on the Click this to save your output lexicon as a text file. sound-change-applier GitHub Topics GitHub For instance. In another 300 years, the similarity will be a question at some bar's trivia night. For instance, suppose youve defined. The middle (y) part can be blank, as in Sound changes are hard to get right the first try, and it can take a lot of tinkering and experimentation to produce the results you want. Anyone who respects or admires you even if it's just your group of friends will start to subconsciously copy the way that you speak and that sound change will begin to spread. If you need contextual rewrite rules just use SCA! will merge. Assimilation is another frequent sound change. The first option just prints each output word; this is good for generating a new list of words (e.g. Some other common notations are # for word boundaries and [+feature] or [-feature] to indicate the presence or lack of a certain feature respectively. Just as a comment, umlaut and vowel harmony are really just subsets of assimilation. More generally, a sound change looks like this: Since it seems like you've got a handle on the basics and are really asking for a directional nudge, I'd suggest the following: Make a short list (maybe a dozen) of Proto-Language words and sort them by various characteristics: words that begin with a voiceless stop; words that contain a voiced stop followed by a syllabic liquid; words with an accented long vowel root. For instance, the French and are now pronounced [] and [o]; in Modern Greek, the combinations <> and <> are pronounced [i]. Geoff's Sound Change Applier. Theiling Online Sitemap Conlang Mailing List HQ . i//VC_V To do: means that c changes to i after a front vowel and before a t. You can use variables in the first two parts as well. This version is written in Javascript, which means it runs in your browser. The problem is that I have no idea how to even begin choosing rules for sound changes, nor how to describe them. Has the Melford Hall manuscript poem "Whoso terms love a fire" been attributed to any poetDonne, Roe, or other? It also refers to sounds that disappear altogether. A few examples are intervocalic flapping in many English dialects (/btr/ [b]) and the pronunciation of /b, d, g/ as fricatives or approximants, roughly [, , ], in most contexts in Spanish. Why xargs does not process the last argument? They can get confused by any change that needs to happen in particular syllables, such as syllable-based syncope, or any change where the environment spans multiple syllables, such as umlaut. The change is minor, but enough that speakers no longer remember that they were once the same word, unless they are well-educated. The child language is going to contain all the history. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? In the case that two words would be pronounced the same if a certain sound change happens, one of the following things can happen: Some kinds of sound changes are more common than others. Sometimes you want the rewrite rules to apply only to the input. -* Old Portuguese. Or alternately, one that will work in conjunction with SIL's Toolbox (or other SIL product)? Re: Reversible sound change applier. use accented vowels for this. and our I don't see how this can be made less broad. Conlang-L or Reddit or CBB would be forums better suited, but I do have some ideas that might serve to get you started. Which ability is most related to insanity: Wisdom, Charisma, Constitution, or Intelligence? So if you have a rule, Epenthesis is supported by leaving the target part of the rule blank. Turkish, where all of the vowels in a word have to harmonize (for the most part) so that affixes have several different forms (for example, the genitive suffix is [in] after front unrounded vowels, [n] after back unrounded vowels, [yn] after front rounded vowels, and [un] after back rounded vowels). Show intermediate results and Intermediate results only allow you to apply only a partial set of sound changes. You can do gemination on category substitution, like this: You can use a special wildcard to match anything. 1000 there are some candidates: th-stopping: Essentially all continental Germanic languages stopped their th's to d's, including Frisian unrounding of umlauts vowels: /y/ -> /i/ and // -> /e/ happened in English, Yiddish, and is frequently encountered in German dialects Sound changes can also result in homonyms. This is a Javascript program to help build phonological inventories. You can write transformation rules at the beginning of your sound change list E.g. SCA - Sound Change Applier. I'm pretty tired and I may have been at a trivia night or two myself tonight, so I'll proofread this in the morning. What is Wario dropping at the end of Super Mario Land 2 and why? Let's take a look at the most common ones. For me, there is a peculiar, intense pleasure in creating a daughter language with a particular feel to it, merely by altering the set of The /, In Japanese, the pronunciation of as /, In some American English dialects, the diphthong /. Alternatively, you can decide not to worry too much about the final product and simply select sound changes randomly. Why don't we use the 7805 for car phone chargers? One or more elements in the environment can be marked as optional with parentheses. E.g. Guide:Conlanging tools - Linguifex Load Sound Changes. Here's how to read it: e > 0 / VC_# if consonants is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), this means the sound /e/ becomes zero (or deletes) when it takes the place of the underscore in this phrase: VC_#(end of word) and if these conditions are met: only if the consonant is dental (l, r, n, s, th) or y (Latin to Spanish), so if you have a word that end in V,(l, r, n, s, th [and sometimes y]),e then the e will delete. E.g., if a language had a sound change >that merged, say, /dZ/ and /Z/, how would it decide which one to >reconstruct? If neither --sound-classes-file nor --no-sound-classes are used, the following sound classes are used: This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. 'Gross' is /atek/, 'very gross' is /atekul/, and 'inedible food' is /ategetul/. For instance, a language may lenite a particular sound, only if it follows a particular consonant. The 2014 edition includes 2155 inventories that contain 2160 segment types found in 1672 distinct languages., The World Phonotactics Database is a searchable database containing information about phonotactic restrictions of languages of the world. consonants, meta and meda Sound change appliers : r/conlangs - Reddit Create a rough draft of the phonology of the child language. SCA - sound change applier - help - Zompist.com Effect of a "bad grade" in grad school applications, Canadian of Polish descent travel to Poland with Canadian passport. (e.g. Cookie Notice Four vowels, with no /i/ sound. You can apply these rules in certain contexts or in very instance. This allows you to test for something earlier or later on in the word. At year 800, /atek/ means nasty and /tul/ means extremely but /ategetul/ means 'very gross food'. Save Sound Changes. A command-line sound change applier written in Python. Are there any SCAs beside RSCA that can reconstruct backwards? Then To improve my Latin-to-Portuguese file, for instance, I would Why does Acts not mention the deaths of Peter and Paul? conlang GitHub Topics GitHub People will stop using one or the other word, replacing it with another construct. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. It takes some practice to be able to do this well, so don't worry too much if the final product isn't exactly the same as your draft. It was then up to you, using cut and paste, to save these in a file. If at a certain point in time there are some sounds X in words, they all will change to Y even if some of them were W a few centuries ago while some have been X since the beginning of the language. between vowels. For more information, please see our Thorough documentation is available by pressing the "Help" button, and all the code is open-source and is available on GitHub under the GNU GPLv3 license. When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change? Sound changes are born every time we speak. Don't feel limited to delete all /e/ after a consonant. t goes to d, Make sure the two variable definitions are the same length! Sound Change Applier - bloglang This subreddit is focused on the discussion of conlangs, tools, and activities to aid you in the construction of your own conlang, and creating a community environment where we can all enjoy conlanging together. part that changes. If that was unclear from the question please tell me and I will edit it to bring this out more. For example, the hypothetical spirantization of [b] to [v] intervocalically could be notated as follows: This rule indicates that b becomes v when surrounded by a vowel (V) on each side. It presents linguistically sound methods for creating naturalistic languageswhich can be reversed to create non-naturalistic languages. certainly want to handle vowel length and stress. Sometimes dialects are "behind the times" when compared to others, and this will launch you into the wonder world of diachronics. The notation used is the same as in @Doorknob's answer above. So, with the word opera and the rules [ Back to the Language Construction Kit ], A Mac executable, which you can download either in. They can get confused by any change that needs to happen in particular syllables, such as syllable-based syncope, or any change where the environment spans . The episode are full of interesting and knowledgeable discussions which last around the hour. Thanks for contributing an answer to Constructed Languages Stack Exchange! Where do voiced consonants change? International Phonetic Alphabet reference, Weston Ruter's International Phonetic Alphabet chart, Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures, https://linguifex.com/w/index.php?title=Guide:Conlanging_tools&oldid=217154, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. You can simply live with this, but if the merger is particularly awkward, Curate this topic Add this topic to your repo . Each character in the replacement variable (here Z) Conlang: Re: Reversible sound change applier (Jamie Norrish, May 11 '06 The four non-lateral consonants ( [n] appears as a word final allophone of [], [p] is the most common realisation of the top right phoneme) And here are the vowels! Two different questions only mildly related = too broad. Top 10 conlang Open-Source Projects (Apr 2023) - LibHunt The Haedus Toolbox SCA is a very nice, phonetic segment-operating sound change applier created by Fiona Morrigan, a computational linguist and conlanger.