Average global sea level (or global mean sea level; GMSL) has risen about 89 inches since 1880, with about 3 inches of that rise occurring since 1990.51,52 This recent increase in the rate of rise is projected to accelerate in the future due to continuing temperature increases and additional melting of land ice.51 This recent global rate increase, combined with the local effects of vertical land motion (sinking) and oceanographic effects such as changing ocean currents, has caused some areas in the Southeast to experience even higher local rates of sea level rise than the global average.53,54,55,56,57,58,59 Analyses at National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) tide gauges show as much as 1 to 3 feet of local relative sea level rise in the past 100 years in low-lying areas of the Southeast.54,59 This recent rise in local relative sea level has caused normal high tides to reach critical levels that result in flooding in many coastal areas in the region. By the end of the century, over one-half billion labor hours could be lost from extreme heat-related impacts. Case Study: Charleston, South Carolina, Begins Planning and Reinvesting for Sea Level Rise, Case Study: A Lesson Learned for Community Resettlement: Isle de Jean Charles Band of Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Tribe, Case Study: Coastal and Inland Impacts of Extreme Rainfall. Stone, 2015: Rising heat wave trends in large US cities. View the list of North Carolina counties. FTA Report No. Kunkel, K.L.M. B. Meylan, P. A. Meylan, J. Vector-borne diseases pose a greater risk in cities than in rural areas because of higher population densities and other human factors, and the major urban centers in the Southeast are already impacted by poor air quality during warmer months. Despite warming, low winter temperatures may prevent permanent year-round establishment of the virus across the region.31 Strategies such as management of urban wetlands have resulted in lower dengue fever risk in Puerto Rico.32 Similar adaptation strategies have the potential to limit vector-borne disease in southeastern cities, particularly those cities with characteristics similar to Caribbean cities that have already implemented vector control strategies (Ch. Important information about the health, safety and environmental impacts of Avient products. Coral reefs are biologically diverse ecosystems that provide many societal benefits, including coastal protection from waves, habitat for fish, and recreational and tourism opportunities.238,239 However, coral reef mortality in the Florida Keys and across the globe has been very high in recent decades, due in part to warming ocean temperatures, nutrient enrichment, overfishing, and coastal development.240,241,242,243,244 Small increases in ocean temperature can cause corals to expel the symbiotic algae upon which they depend for nourishment. Doyle, T. W., T. J. Smith III, and Michael B. Robblee, 1995: Wind damage effects of Hurricane Andrew on mangrove communities along the southwest coast of Florida, USA. https://factfinder.census.gov. Future temperature increases are projected to pose challenges for human health. FEMA, 2016: Community Rating System (CRS) Communities and Their Classes. Economic Development | North Carolina Coastal Federation Traditionally their economies are resource-based, dependent on harvesting or extracting natural resources with little or no processing. Fire has historically played an important role in the region, and ecological diversity in many southeastern natural systems is dependent upon fire.115,116,134,189 Although the total area burned by wildfire is greatest in the western United States, the Southeast has the largest area burned by prescribed fire (see Case Study Prescribed Fire) and the highest number of wildfires.134,190 In the future, rising temperatures and increases in the duration and intensity of drought are expected to increase wildfire occurrence and also reduce the effectiveness of prescribed fire.3,4,5,6 Moreover, rapid urban expansion near managed forests has the potential to reduce opportunities to use prescribed fire, which could lead to native species declines, increased wildfire occurrence, and economic and health impacts.134,191. Gabler, C. A., M. J. Osland, J. The number of extreme rainfall events is increasing. NOAA Technical Report NOS CO-OPS 073. Drew, 2001: Productivity and species richness across an environmental gradient in a fire-dependent ecosystem. In metropolitan counties like Wake, Durham, and Mecklenburg, 80% or more rely on broadband.4. Piedmont Geographic Region WebShaw's coastal plainii 0463v - summit resilient vinyl flooring is the modern choice for beautiful & durable floors. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Silver Spring, MD, various pp. A. Mendelssohn, 2005: Drought, snails, and large-scale die-off of southern U.S. salt marshes. Site Map Coastal Plains Geographic Regions of Georgia Much larger changes are simulated by the late 21st century under the higher scenario (RCP8.5), which most closely tracks with our current consumption of fossil fuels. Notaro, M., M. Schummer, Y. Zhong, S. Vavrus, L. Van Den Elsen, J. Coluccy, and C. Hoving, 2016: Projected influences of changes in weather severity on autumn-winter distributions of dabbling ducks in the Mississippi and Atlantic flyways during the twenty-first century. Ferrario, F., M. W. Beck, C. D. Storlazzi, F. Micheli, C. C. Shepard, and L. Airoldi, 2014: The effectiveness of coral reefs for coastal hazard risk reduction and adaptation. Figure 2. Existing flood map boundaries do not account for future flood risk due to the increasing frequency of more intense precipitation events, as well as new development that would reduce the floodplain's ability to manage storm water. Storey, M., and E. W. Gudger, 1936: Mortality of fishes due to cold at Sanibel Island, Florida, 1886-1936.
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