C) A comet's tail never points perpendicular to its motion. 8.2: Origin of the Solar SystemThe Nebular Hypothesis Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. C) large jovians very close to their star. The water was brought to the forming Earth by planetesimals that accreted beyond the orbit of Mars. [16] The proposed solutions include enhanced mass of the diska tenfold increase would suffice;[64] protoplanet migration, which allows the embryo to accrete more planetesimals;[28] and finally accretion enhancement due to gas drag in the gaseous envelopes of the embryos. E) our telescopes are not powerful enough to detect them. Some moons have orbits that are backward (compared to their planet's rotation) or highly inclined to their planet's equator. [20] They are thought to reside inside gaps in the disk and to be separated by rings of remaining planetesimals. When it comes to the formation of our Solar System, the most widely accepted view is known as the Nebular Hypothesis. Name three properties of the solar nebula still seen in planetary orbits. Most of the material ended up in a ball at the center while the rest of the matter flattened out into disk that circled around it. Laplace imagined that the planets had condensed from the primitive solar atmosphere, which originally extended far beyond the limits of the present-day system. d. the interstellar medium. B) toward Earth and never varies. 98% hydrogen and helium, 2% everything else. A) very durable, made of iron. the ________. According to the nebular hypothesis, part of an interstellar cloud of dust and gas underwent gravitational collapse to form a primeval solar nebula. The Astrometric Method looks at the movement of the star in relation to the center of the mass. Which of the following are the jovian planets? This site is using cookies under cookie policy . The Encyclopedia of Astrobiology, Astronomy, and Spaceflight - Nebular hypothesis, solar system: Differentiation into inner and outer planets, solar system: The Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis. C) sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter, sharing its orbit about the Sun. The extrasolar planets are found mainly by observing the ________ shifts of their stars. A) will revolve opposite the star's rotation. [76] The in situ formation of closely orbiting super-Earths would require a massive disk, the migration of planetary embryos followed by collisions and mergers, or the radial drift of small solids from farther out in the disk. The Nebular Theory - Introduction to Astronomy Elliptical, Irregular & Spiral Galaxies | Types, Comparison & Shapes, Bioremediation: Microbes Cleaning Up the Environment. succeed. C) an icy body with a long tail extending from it. I. Astronomy Ch4: The Solar System Flashcards | Quizlet Support comes from observations at infrared and radio wavelengths, which have revealed disks of matter around young stars. B) only Jupiter According to our present theory of solar system formation, how did Earth end up with enough water to make oceans? [63] Mars and Mercury may be regarded as remaining embryos that survived that rivalry. E) high-altitude UV spectroscopy. b. false, The Manicouagan reservoir near Quebec is an example of: A) Mars. Before it arrived in orbit about Eros, the NEAR spacecraft visited However, it has only been within the past few centuries, with the Scientific Revolution, that the predominant theories have been empirical in nature. Noting the doppler shifts of the star as the planet orbits. These giant clouds are gravitationally precarious, and matter combines inside them to more modest denser clumps, which at that point rotate, collapse, and form stars. This causes increased gravitational attraction which in turn causes more matter to come together and vice versa. In addition to revolving around the Sun counter clockwise, most planets also rotate on their axis [28] This enhances the mass of planetesimals fourfold. Did our Solar System Start with a Little Bang? A) ground based optical images. Due to their great masses, all four jovian worlds are much denser than the Earth. It's not as bright as a star because it's not undergoing thermonuclear fusion, with the tremendous release of energy that accompanies that process. D) a spherical cloud of cometary nuclei far beyond the Kuiper Belt. [61] As a result, the number of terrestrial planets will decrease and they will be more massive. [2][19], The last stage of rocky planet formation is the merger stage. by star infall or radiation pressure flow outwards, before they are finished. E) older. Because extrasolar planets are too close to their much brighter parent stars, observers cannot typically observe an extrasolar planet directly. astronomy exam study assignment 6 Flashcards | Quizlet A) the Kuiper belt. c. cometary debris E) sixty degrees ahead or behind Jupiter. The Manicouagan reservoir near Quebec is an example of According to this theory, the Sun and all the planets of our Solar System began as a giant cloud of molecular gas and dust. The solar nebula theory asserts that the solar system was birthed by a monolithic interstellar gas cloud that condensed to form the sun and planets. Name the four principal types of solar-system debris; pair them up in terms of composition, Asteroids: Large chunks of metals and rock primarily formed between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in the asteroid belt, Metereoroids: A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space. According to the nebular theory, a solar system begins when an interstellar cloud, containing approximately 75 percent hydrogen, 25 percent helium and traces of other elements, begins to form. By the early 20th century, the Laplacian model had fallen out of favor, prompting scientists to seek out new theories. In the most elaborate model which makes Earth isotope measurements easiest to predict, by free coupling the processes, the 1st generation of super massive stars would go supernova in 1-10 million years. B. At this point, the Sun became a main-sequence star. B) most asteroids a. compressive forces Astronomy Cast also has an episode on the subject Episode 12: Where do Baby Stars Come From? Which of the following did not occur during the collapse of the solar nebula? Updates? A recent paper show that terrestrial planets would suffer impacts on the great impact scale, between 1 to 8 as norm with an average of 3. An error occurred trying to load this video. Omissions? Suppose you discover an object that is made of metal, rock, and ice. A) large ones may cause mass extinctions. C) among the orbits of the terrestrial planets Long-period comets are believed to originally come from: Kant-Laplace nebular hypothesis | astronomy | Britannica According to the nebular theory of solar system formation, which law best explains why the central regions of the solar nebula got hotter as the nebula shrank in size? The Oort Cloud lies closer to the Sun than the Kuiper Belt. A) cometary debris. This causes increased gravitational attraction which in turn causes more matter to come together and vice versa. As a rotating gas cloud contracts, it spins According to current theory, the formation of the planets of our solar system occurred as a result of collisions between increasingly large bodies of matter within a flattened cloud of matter circling the early Sun, known as a protoplanetary disk. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 C) Kuiper Belt bodies c. cout << "y == z - 3: " << (y == z - 3) << endl; D) Kuiper Belt Objects The nebular hypothesis has thus become the prevailing theory of the origin of the solar system. We say that the shape of a liquid is the same as the shape of its container. It takes all the different kinds of information and merges them into one hypothesis that seems to match all the observations. B) an icy body with a long tail extending from it. ecliptic plane in which the planets then formed. Possible Mercury bit at least Earth and Mars (and Moon) show late great impacts. The terrestrial planets are made almost entirely of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium. lie almost entirely beyond the orbit of Neptune. The larger terrestrial planets have surface features that tend to be Compute the rotational speed of the output shaft. Describe two ways of detecting extrasolar planets. d. closer on average to the Sun than is the Earth A) close to or at aphelion. The nebula theoryis the most generally accepted evolutionary model for formation of the solar systemfrom a cloud of gas and dust particles known as a nebula. A) Trojan asteroids C) asteroids in the main belt According to this theory, a star narrowly missed colliding, the late 19th century the Kant-Laplace views were criticized by the British physicist James Clerk Maxwell, who showed that, if all the matter contained in the known planets had once been distributed around the Sun in the form of a disk, the shearing forces of differential rotation would have prevented, The book included his nebular hypothesisattributing the origin of the solar system to cooling and contracting of a gaseous nebulawhich strongly influenced future thought on planetary origin. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. d. mass per unit volume Researchers estimate that there is more total mass in the Kuiper Belt than in the asteroid bel, Some meteorites are believed to have come from Mars and the Moon, As a rotating gas cloud contracts, it spins faster. According to the nebular theory, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen giant molecular clouds (GMC). But the dust and gas are also the ingredients for the planets themselves. The theory was proposed by French mathematician Pierre Simon Laplace . C) at a constant rate. If a massive companion planet or star on an inclined orbit was present an exchange of inclination for eccentricity via the Kozai mechanism raising eccentricities and lowering perihelion followed by circularization can also result in a close orbit. E) Venus. According to the Solar Nebula theory, planets a) should be a common result of star formation. D) Mars. A) in the Kuiper Belt. A) detecting the oxygen in their atmospheres spectroscopically. Before it arrived in orbit about Jupiter, the Galileo spacecraft flew past The remaining gas and dust begin to cluster in small areas around the star forming the planetesimals (small rocks) which in turn cluster to form the proto-planets (primitive planets).