Hitlers intent was clear, and the high Jewish death toll certainly indicates that Hitler and his regime committed genocide. AP Human Geography Syllabus 2015-2016. Sociologist Louis Wirth (1945) defined a minority group as any group of people who, because of their physical or cultural characteristics, are singled out from the others in the society in which they live for differential and unequal treatment, and who therefore regard themselves as objects of collective discrimination. The term minority connotes discrimination, and in its social scientists use, the term subordinate group can be used interchangeably with the term minority, while the term dominant group is often substituted for the group thats in the majority. North America: Human Geography - National Geographic Society Unprejudiced nondiscriminators are open-minded, tolerant, and accepting individuals. This seafaring culture developed almost entirely from its geography. Appalachian Americans - Wikipedia Do you think race played a role in Martins death or in the public reaction to it? Also known as circular migration, The process by which immigrant ethnic groups lose certain aspects of their traditional culture in the process of settling overseas, creating a new culture that is less complex than the old. Ethnic Cleansing History & Examples | What is Ethnic Cleansing? Ethnice geography. For example, the disproportionate number of black men arrested, charged, and convicted of crimes may reflect racial profiling, a form of institutional racism. State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities. AP Exams are regularly updated to align with best practices in college-level learning. An attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state. Identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor. On the other hand, Rose (1951) suggested that dysfunctions associated with racism include the failure to take advantage of talent in the subjugated group, and that society must divert from other purposes the time and effort needed to maintain artificially constructed racial boundaries. Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Discrimination also manifests in different ways. The reasons for this are complex and relate to the educational, criminal, economic, and political systems that exist in our society. With forced emigration, concentration camps, and mass executions in gas chambers, Hitlers Nazi regime was responsible for the deaths of 12 million people, 6 million of whom were Jewish. Owing to their localized geography or their locations on islands or peninsulas, many smallpolitical entities such as those labeled on the political map of the world can be identified as Topic 4.1A. An ethnic enclave is a population with its own ethnic or national identity that is concentrated in a community within another nation. If you knew the answer, tap the green Know box. ethnic geography the study of spatial distributions and interactions of ethnic groups and of the cultural characteristics on which they are based foodways the many forms and practices that define how a nation shops for, cooks, and consumes its food ethnic minorities People classified according to common traits and customs ethnic homelands As seen in the examples of the Trail of Tears and the Holocaust, expulsion can be a factor in genocide. The indices employ a scale from zero to 100, where zero is the most integrated and 100 is the least. How planned this genocide was remains a topic of contention. In light of a recent rash of break-ins, Zimmerman called the police to report a person acting suspiciously, which he had done on many other occasions. They may be positive (usually about ones own group, such as when women suggest they are less likely to complain about physical pain) but are often negative (usually toward other groups, such as when members of a dominant racial group suggest that a subordinate racial group is stupid or lazy). AP Human Geography Past Exam Questions Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves. For example, many stereotypes that are currently used to characterize black people were used earlier in American history to characterize Irish and Eastern European immigrants. poor or inadequate adaptation that occurs when a group pursues an adaptive strategy that, in the short run, fails to provide the necessities of life or, in the long run, destroys the environment that nourishes it. An example of this might be an individual whose beliefs about a particular group are based on images conveyed in popular media, and those are unquestionably believed because the individual has never personally met a member of that group. Humans and human ancestors have lived in Africa for more than 5 million years. However, the primary cause of Native American death was neither slavery nor war nor forced removal: it was the introduction of European diseases and Indians lack of immunity to them. Ethnic enclaves are important parts of the American cultural landscape, especially when considering some of the potential political and moral consequences of actions like redlining, in which people who lived within certain neighborhoods automatically could not qualify for the home loans needed to get out of that ghetto. AP Human Geography: Chapter 7 (Ethnicity), AP Human Geography Folk and Popular Culture T. While prejudice refers to biased thinking, discrimination consists of actions against a group of people. Unlike enclaves, ethnic neighborhoods do not necessarily have an economic connection binding them together. an American whose first language is Spanish, an artificial language based on words common to the Romance languages. Many human rights advocates claim the situation is approaching a genocide. A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood. Truly involuntary enclaves are generally referred to as ghettos (although it should be noted that academics disagree as to whether ghettos qualify as enclaves or not). However, we cannot erase discrimination from our culture just by enacting laws to abolish it. Shared geography, language, and religion can often, but not always, factor into ethnic group categorizations. In the United States, anti-miscegenation laws flourished in the South during the Jim Crow era. De jure segregation occurred in the United States for many years after the Civil War. Works fields rented from a landowner and pays the rent by turning over to the landowner a share of the crops. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. While most white people are willing to admit that nonwhite people live with a set of disadvantages due to the color of their skin, very few are willing to acknowledge the benefits they receive. A relatively small area occupied by a distinct culture or ethnicity, which largely result from chain migration. Moreover, the term minority groups describe subordinate groups, or that lack power in society regardless of skin color or country of origin. Devolution: AP Human Geography Crash Course | Albert.io This means that 79 percent of either blacks or whites would have to move in order for each neighborhood to have the same racial balance as the whole metro region (Population Studies Center 2010). Many states have enacted laws to disenfranchise immigrants; these laws are popular because they let the dominant group scapegoat a subordinate group. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Terms of Service. Maine Facts & Significance | What was the U.S.S. Small, rural areas settled by a single ethnic group as opposed to ethnic neighborhoods or enclaves, which are urban. At first glance, it appears that ethnic cleansing and genocide are similar. Pluralism is represented by the ideal of the United States as a salad bowl: a great mixture of different cultures where each culture retains its own identity and yet adds to the flavor of the whole. In American history, many large cities developed ethnic enclaves, identified by colloquial names like Little Italy or Chinatown. Voluntary ethnic enclaves refer to areas in which people choose to live together, usually for mutual protection and benefit, while involuntary ethnic enclaves refer to areas where people live together against their will, due to restrictive policies or opportunities. Prejudice refers to the beliefs, thoughts, feelings, and attitudes that someone holds about a group. deep south area that stretched from South Carolina to Georgia to the new states in the southwest frontier which had the highest concentration of slaves, Regional Cultural Distinctiveness that remains following the assimilation of an ethnic homeland, an area within a city containing members of the same ethnic background, a poor densely populated city district occupied by a minority ethnic group linked together by economic hardship and social restrictions, the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization, migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there, letters from immigrants in the United States to frends and relitives in the old country, which spurred further immigration, the mass expulsion and killing of one ethic or religious group in an area by another ethnic or religious group in that area, the voluntary movements of immigrants back to their place of origin. May occur as a result of immigration, when immigrant population take on the values, customs and other cultural traits of a receiving society. small, usually rural and ethnically homogeneous enclaves situated within a larger and more diverse cultural context. Do we need more than one theory to explain racism, prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination? Social scientists use segregation indices to measure racial segregation of different races in different areas. The terms stereotype, prejudice, discrimination, and racism are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. With genocide, the real intent is the death of a group of people at any scale possible until they are extinct. Research in this school of thought suggests that race is not biologically identifiable and that previous racial categories were arbitrarily assigned, based on pseudoscience, and used to justify racist practices (Omi and Winant 1994; Graves 2003). The treatment of aboriginal Australians is also an example of genocide committed against indigenous people. However, it's important to remember that most ethnic enclaves were founded by communities seeking protection from some degree of prejudice or discrimination, even if not always as strong as that faced by the Chinese. Voluntary enclaves are seen as generally positive as they usually result in stronger social capital, more employment opportunities, and a chance for familiar cultural interaction. The largest ethnic group in the world without a homeland; Divided among several nationalities including Turkish, Syrian, Iraqi, and Iranian nationalities. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then tap the card to flip it. On top of that, the civil war is creating a situation that could lead to the larget famine the world has seen in over a century. On January 28, 1986, the space shuttle Challenger exploded, and seven astronauts lost their lives. Intergroup relations (relationships between different groups of people) range along a spectrum between tolerance and intolerance. Ethnicity and Geography Ethnicity is important to geographers because its characteristics derive from the distinctive features of particular places on Earth. A force that divides people and countries. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. The term ghetto, as we're using it here, refers to the European tradition of creating segregated neighborhoods for Jews. The presence of ethnic enclaves is a worldwide phenomenon. Do Mexican, Somali, or Syrian immigrants always feel welcome outside of enclaves being formed today? According to Charles Wagley and Marvin Harris (1958), a minority group is distinguished by five characteristics: (1) unequal treatment and less power over their lives, (2) distinguishing physical or cultural traits like skin color or language, (3) involuntary membership in the group, (4) awareness of subordination, and (5) high rate of in-group marriage. Yes, the nation has many cultures, but they don't always melt into each other. Possibly the most well-known case of genocide is Hitlers attempt to exterminate the Jewish people in the first part of the twentieth century. Ethnic enclaves can form in a variety of ways, due to multiple factors, and are generally classified as either voluntary or involuntary ethnic enclaves. flashcard sets. The Chinatown in San Francisco is an example of an ethnic enclave that began involuntarily due to laws that restricted where they could live. Engineers for the manufacturer of the rocket motor prepared charts to make the case that the launch should not take place due to the cold weather that day. The unique way in which each culture uses it's particular physical environment; Those aspects of culture that serve to provide the necessities of life - Food, clothing, shelter, and defense, when evolution takes an existing structure and puts it to a new use, Oscar Niemeyer, 1956, residential superblocks, Brasilia, Brazil, tropical climate located between tropical rain forest and tropical desert climates, producing very wet summers and very dry winters. The social construction of race is also reflected in the way names for racial categories change with changing times. New York also had ethnic enclaves for immigrating Greek, Polish, Jewish, German, and Irish communities, amongst others. However, this definition has also been adapted or clarified in various ways as researchers try to better understand the reasons behind the formation of ethnic enclaves. In anthropology and sociology, a community that maintains a strong sense of ethnic or national identity within another country is known as an ethnic enclave. Like Yemen, there is now growing concern that the civil war will create a nationwide famine. Heritage can include culture, religion, language, etc., but is frequently variably defined, making a clear definition elusive.