While there is a high expectation of knowledge among pilots, none can do so without periodically referencing old topics. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, Advisory Circular (91-92) Pilot's Guide to a Preflight Briefing. The root mean square error of the transformation will not exceed two pixels. The system must be able to retrieve the procedure by name from the aircraft navigation database, not just as a manually entered series of waypoints, Whenever possible, RNAV routes (Q- or T-route) should be extracted from the database in their entirety, rather than loading RNAV route waypoints from the database into the flight plan individually. Flight Planning - CFI Notebook An example of a generic NAVLOG is provided below: Fill out the departure and arrival airport information including frequencies, traffic altitudes, and heights above ground, Fill in information concerning flight service or any item you will want to reference in regards to that airport, If you want, draw an airport diagram in the box but still carry a larger printed diagram for easier use and more detail, Determine a MSL cruise altitude based on weather and direction of flight, Calculate pressure altitude for your airport (important for performance calculations), Determine the temperature (important for performance calculations), Calculate density altitude (important for performance calculations), Determine a horsepower setting and the accompanying RPM settings, KTAS and Gallons per Hour, Used to plot any changes to a heading for the entire route to estimate times, distances and fuel used, Fuel Planning calculated with flight computer (arrow on GPH, read under time), List all checkpoints and associated distances, Write in any frequencies or IDs for route navigation, GS (first or second line only): copy from preflight log, In flight you will be filling in the other boxes as the flight progresses, Weight and balance as calculated normally, Fill out any weather information or notes you may have, Fill out the flight plan for flight service, All information is from the front of the navigation log, Filed before flight with the FSS so they can keep a track of you. The aeronautical information includes airports, radio aids to navigation, Class B airspace and special use airspace, The topographic information includes city tint, populated places, principal roads, drainage patterns, and shaded relief, The one-sided chart is 59 x 36 inches and ships unfolded for wall mounting, Printed on the reverse side of selected TAC charts, The coverage is the same as the associated TAC, Flyway planning charts depict flight paths and altitudes recommended for use to bypass high traffic areas, Ground references are provided as a guide for visual orientation, Flyway planning charts are designed for use in conjunction with TACs and sectional charts and not to be used for navigation, 7-Volume booklet series contains data on airports, seaplane bases, heliports, NAVAIDs, communications data, weather data sources, airspace, special notices, and operational procedures, Coverage includes the conterminous U.S., Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islands. Federal Aviation Administration - Pilot/Controller Glossary, FAR 91.103 that "Each pilot in command shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight" which includes, If you don't own an airplane, you probably rent your favorite aircraft at the same FBO each time you fly however, for many, that may not be a possibility, Variations in airplanes which you are licensed and probably signed off to rent by your local FBO must be considered, While normal procedures can generally be done at the pilot's pace, emergency procedures cannot, making their understanding crucial, Aircraft perform differently based on the environmentals and type of operation expected, Be cognizant of "what is different today" and brief to it up front, so factors like density altitude and weight and balance are taken into consideration, Review and print, or tab a copy of the arrival and departure airport, as required, Be wary of "expectation bias;" listen to what a controller actually says, not what you expect, Enroute sector boundaries can be found on enroute charts allowing you to anticipate where about a switch will occur, and to what frequency, Don't ignore what you are flying over as water conditions/temperatures and terrain may impact what you bring and how you may react to an emergency, Pilots must be familiar with what equipment is installed in the airplane, Just as important, pilots must be familiar with where that equipment is installed, The most obvious example is the instrument panel, where equipment like transponders maybe in a new location, even across the same brand of airplane but a different model, Less obvious examples are safety equipment. Although the appropriate response will vary with the situation, in general pilots should: Use the last reliable navigation information as the basis for initial headings, and climb above terrain, Change to another source of navigation, if available (i.e., VOR, DME radar vectors), Pilots should promptly notify ATC if they experience GPS anomalies. RNP AR DP capability requires specific aircraft performance, design, operational processes, training, and specific procedure design criteria to achieve the required target level of safety. Navigation and Flight Planning - CFI Notebook In the U.S., these minimum functions include capability to calculate and perform RF turns, scalable RNP, and parallel offset flight path generation. Flight Instructor Lesson Plans - CFI Notebook Emergency Operations: Task A. (See also the latest AC 91-70, Oceanic and Remote Continental Airspace Operations, for more information on oceanic RNP/RNAV operations. That required capability will be listed in the PBN box. RF turn capability is optional in RNP 0.3 eligibility. The two terms, often used interchangeably, in fact mean different things: Courses are the direction which the aircraft is actually traveling (impacted by winds), Headings are the directions which the aircraft faces (where it is pointed). Digital-VC DVDs are updated every 28 days and are available by subscription only, For the latest information regarding publication availability visit the, Area Planning - Special Use Airspace - Planning Charts, Caribbean and South America - Low Altitude, Caribbean and South America - High Altitude, Europe, North Africa, and Middle East - Low Altitude, Europe, North Africa, and Middle East - High Altitude, VFR Arrival/Departure Routes - Europe and Korea, Aeronautical Chart Updating Manual (CHUM), Global Navigation and Planning Charts (GNC), Jet Navigation Charts (JNC) and Universal Jet Navigation Charts (JNU), Sight Reduction Tables for Air Navigation (PUB249). RNP AR DP has lateral accuracy values that can scale to no lower than RNP 0.3 in the initial departure flight path. CFI Notebook: "Higher" Education Those subject areas are all listed below: Fundamentals of Instruction The Learning Process Human Behavior and Effective Communication The Teaching Process Teaching Methods Critique and Evaluation VFR Cross-Country Flight - CFI Notebook For procedures with PBN elements, the "PBN box" will contain the procedure's NavSpec(s); and, if required: specific sensors or infrastructure needed for the navigation solution, any additional or advanced functional requirements, the minimum RNP value, and any amplifying remarks. With this comes the need to keep things organized to reduce Foreign Object Debris (FOD) and confusion in flight. Continue searching. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, https://www.fly.faa.gov/adv/advAdvisoryForm.jsp. Of greater and growing concern is the intentional and unauthorized interference of GPS signals by persons using "jammers" or "spoofers" to disrupt air navigation by interfering with the reception of valid satellite signals, The U.S. government regularly conducts GPS tests, training activities, and exercises that interfere with GPS signals. Additionally, some satellite communications avionics use GPS signals for operations in oceanic and remote airspaces. on a sectional chart, Next find the lines of longitude on a map, Grab your plotter and place the reference hole over the intersection of the line of longitude, Rotate the plotter so that it is parallel to the line you drew, Where the line of longitude intersects the compass rose on the plotter, determine your true course, If there is more than one number, chose the number most appropriate for your direction of flight, First, determine your wind correction angle, True Heading = True Course (-left/+right) WCA, Magnetic north is the direction along the earth's surface which points toward the magnetic north pole, Magnetic compasses point to this location and therefore it is magnetic headings that are flown, The magnetic north pole is a shifting point which is not coincident with the "top" of the earth as defined by latitude and longitude. A variety of digital tools can help you in your flight planning, some of which include: There are many official sources from which to gather information pertinent to preflight planning, Note that though not required, it is recommended a call be placed to Flight Service prior to flight, You may wish to consider fuel prices, services available, landing fees, and hours of operation when planning for suitable diverts, Although these factors may run through your mind in an ad-hoc divert, that is a divert due to an unforeseen circumstance, then remember an airfield where a safe landing can be performed outweighs conveniences, Preflight planning feel monotonous when flying in the same region, weather conditions, and for the same purpose, In those situations, ask yourself, what is different today, to really drill down on what it is you need to pay attentiont o. (See 1-1-13). For example, an ILS with an RNAV missed approach would require a specific capability to fly the missed approach portion of the procedure. Operators of GPS aircraft should always check for GPS and/or WAAS NOTAMS for their route of flight, GPS is a critical component of essential communication, navigation, and surveillance (CNS) in the NAS; and flight safety/control systems. The Flight InstructorAirplane Practical Test Standards book has been published by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to establish the standards for the flight instructor certification practical tests for the airplane category and the single- engine and multiengine classes. On procedures with both PBN elements and ground-based equipment requirements, the PBN requirements box will be listed first (See FIG 5-4-1. Flight instructor - Wikipedia IFR En-Route Charts - CFI Notebook For example, TSO-C129 systems change within 30 miles of destination and within 2 miles of FAF to support approach operations. ), The FAA and ICAO member states have led initiatives in implementing the RNP concept to oceanic operations, For example, RNP-10 routes have been established in the northern Pacific (NOPAC) which has increased capacity and efficiency by reducing the distance between tracks to 50 NM (See paragraph 4-7-1), Aircraft eligible for RNP operations will have an appropriate entry including special conditions and limitations in its AFM, avionics manual, or a supplement. If you need to travel 10 NM, and you have a ground speed of 100 knots, how long will it take? Introduction: Flight planning is the process in whatever a pilot readies for somebody upcoming flight . Other "advanced" options for use in the en route environment (such as fixed radius transitions and Time of Arrival Control) are optional in the U.S. RNP APCH has a lateral accuracy value of 1 in the terminal and missed approach segments and essentially scales to RNP 0.3 (or 40 meters with SBAS) in the final approach. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) Products: Flight Information Publication (FLIP) Planning Documents, FLIP En-route Charts and Chart Supplements, FLIP Instrument Approach Procedures (IAPs), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), https://www.icao.int/publications/Pages/catalogue.aspx, Aeronautical Information Manual (9-1-1) General, Aeronautical Information Manual (9-1-2) Obtaining Aeronautical Charts, Aeronautical Information Manual (9-1-3) Selected Charts and Products Available, Aeronautical Information Manual (9-1-4) General Description of each Chart Series, Aeronautical Information Manual (9-1-5) Where and How to Get Charts of Foreign Areas, Federal Aviation Administration - Aeronautical Chart User's Guide, Federal Aviation Administration - AeroNav, Federal Aviation Administration - AeroNav Digital Products, Federal Aviation Administration - Pilot/Controller Glossary, Civil aeronautical charts for the U.S. and its territories and possessions are produced by the.